What are the main performance of APP connector connectors explained by Aitai?

The basic performance of APP connectors can be divided into three categories: mechanical performance, electrical performance, and environmental performance.
In terms of connection function, the insertion and extraction force is an important mechanical performance. The insertion and extraction forces are divided into insertion force and extraction force (also known as separation force), and their requirements are different. In relevant standards, there are provisions for maximum insertion force and minimum separation force, which indicates that from a usage perspective, the insertion force should be small (resulting in structures with low insertion force LIF and no insertion force ZIF), and if the separation force is too small, it will affect the reliability of contact. Another important mechanical property is the mechanical life of the connector. Mechanical life is actually a durability indicator, referred to as mechanical operation in the national standard GB5095. It is evaluated based on whether the connector can complete its connection function (such as contact resistance value) normally after a specified insertion and extraction cycle, with one insertion and one extraction as a cycle. The insertion and extraction force and mechanical life of connectors are related to the contact structure (positive pressure), the coating quality of the contact area (sliding friction coefficient), and the accuracy of the contact arrangement size (alignment).
The main electrical properties of electrical connectors include contact resistance, insulation resistance, and electrical strength.
1. High quality electrical connectors with contact resistance should have low and stable contact resistance. The contact resistance of connectors varies from a few milliohms to tens of milliohms.
2. Insulation resistance is an indicator that measures the insulation performance between electrical connectors and between the contacts and the shell. The order of magnitude of APP connectors ranges from hundreds of megaohms to thousands of megaohms.
3. Electrical strength, also known as voltage resistance or dielectric withstand voltage, is the ability to withstand the rated test voltage between connector contacts or between contacts and the shell
Environmental performance: Common environmental performance includes resistance to temperature, humidity, salt spray, vibration, and impact.
1. The maximum working temperature of the current connector is 200 ℃ (except for a few high-temperature special connectors), and the minimum temperature is -65 ℃. Due to the heat generated by the current at the contact point during the operation of the connector, resulting in a temperature rise, it is generally believed that the working temperature should be equal to the sum of the ambient temperature and the contact temperature rise. In certain specifications, the maximum allowable rise of connectors at rated operating current is clearly specified.
2. The invasion of moisture resistance can affect the insulation performance of the connection and corrode metal parts. The constant damp heat test conditions are a relative humidity of 90% to 95% (up to 98% according to product specifications), a temperature of+40 ± 20 ℃, and a test time of at least 96 hours according to product regulations. The alternating damp heat test is more rigorous.

　  3. When salt spray resistant connectors work in environments containing moisture and salt, the surface treatment layer of their metal structural components and contact parts may produce electrochemical corrosion, which affects the physical and electrical performance of the connectors. In order to evaluate the ability of electrical connectors to withstand this environment, a salt spray test is specified. It suspends the connector in a temperature controlled test chamber and sprays out a specified concentration of sodium chloride solution with compressed air to form a salt mist atmosphere. The exposure time is specified by the product specifications and is at least 48 hours.
4. Vibration and shock resistance are important properties of electrical connectors, especially in special application environments such as aviation and aerospace, railway and road transportation. They are important indicators for testing the robustness of the mechanical structure and electrical contact reliability of electrical connectors. There are clear provisions in the relevant test methods. The peak acceleration, duration, and pulse waveform of the impact test should be specified, as well as the time for electrical continuity interruption.
5. Other environmental performance of APP connectors depends on usage requirements. Other environmental performance of electrical connectors include sealing (air leakage, liquid pressure), liquid immersion (resistance to specific liquids), low air pressure, etc.